Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima Essay examples -- Bless Me Ult

Symbols of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultimaâ â Â Â â The picture of Mexican Americans is layered in shades of irresoluteness. Beside the reality there is proof that they can not so much be delegated a transitory culture in that the land where they will in general move once had a place with Mexico, they can likewise make a case for the land as Native Americans. The Spanish Europeans who settled in the region that became Mexico developed as the predominant culture over the oral culture of the Native Americans. By and by, there is proof of uncertainty among the Native Americans to the prevailing society of the Spanish in what is apparently one of the Mexico's fundamental messages, the account of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531. The Virgin of Guadalupe doesn't fit the standard model of the Virgin as she appears to adherents, the greatest change being her local appearance. She is of the prevailing society's religion, but she isn't. Her appearance is one of just eight worldwide that have discovered acknowl edgment by the Catholic Church (Apparition 48). Additionally, she is an image of the local culture too and has veneration according to the two Mexicans and Mexican Americans that remaining parts obvious to date. Prominently too, Bless Me Ultima, a cutting edge work of fiction set in New Mexico, delineates not just inner conflict toward the predominant culture of the United States, yet in addition remainders of a similar uncertainty toward the Catholic Church discovered many years sooner in the local culture of Mexico. Ultima, one of the rule characters in the novel, rehearses the old specialty of Curanderismo, a way to deal with recuperating which incorporates the body, psyche and feelings alongside the spirit and the soul (Curandera 1). Ultima rehearses the four ... ...Robert C. Broderick, ed. New York: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1987. 48. Favored Juan Diego: Model of Humility. 29 Oct. 2000. http://ng.netgate.net/~norberto/juandiego.html. Favored or Evil. 5 October 2000. http://www2.cwrl.utexas.edu/sheila/314f95/ventures/group5/curan2.htm Curandera Elena Avila. 5 October 2000. http://www.ph-webnet.com/ph_a/articles/duval-8.htm de Vega, Bechiller Luis Lazo. History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Later. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 475-82. La Curandera: Blessed or Evil. 5 October 2000. http://www2.cwrl.utexas.edu/sheila/314f95/ventures/group5/curan.htm Scapular. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Overhauled and Updated. Robert C. Broderick, ed. New York: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1987. 543. Â Â

Immigration and British Social Policy Dissertation

Migration and British Social Policy - Dissertation Example Building social capital 43 4.2. Advancing social consideration 44 4.3. Guaranteeing social uniformity 45 5. Ends 46 References 49 List of Tables Table 1. Social union: a social capital point of view 43 Table 2. Social union: a social incorporation point of view 44 Table 3. Social union: a social correspondence viewpoint 46 List of Figures Figure 1. Absolute long haul global relocation gauges, UK, 2000â€2010. 8 Figure 2. Ongoing patterns in migrants’ streams. 25 Figure 3. Inflows of top 10 nationalities into the UK 25 Figure 4. Abroad nationals distributed a NI number, 2002 to 2006. 25 Figure 5. The calculated structure of the examination. 42 Acknowledgment The creator might want to thank †¦ 1. Presentation 1.1. Research foundation A procedure of relocation of people among nations and mainlands, either because of troublesome conditions in a country or looking for better life, has occurred for quite a long time. In any case, these days, in the period of developing global ization, this wonder has gotten particularly exceptional, striking by its mind boggling and multifaceted nature. Voicu (2009) characterizes movement as â€Å"the demonstration of entering a nation, other than one’s local nation, with the aim of living there permanently† (p.71). ... As per the United Nation Population Division (2006), in 2005 there were around 191 million transients (outside conceived people) on the planet: 34 percent of them lived in European Union (EU) nations, 23 percent in Northern America, and 28 percent in Asia. Despite the fact that these figures show that solitary a moderately little extent of worldwide populace relocate (record of vagrants was about 2.9 percent of the complete 6.5 billions of every 2005), except the present pattern in movement is amazing by its scale and pace of development, as during most recent two decades â€Å"the load of world’s transients nearly doubled† (Wickramasekara 2007: p.3). It is likewise eminent that generally around 170 million of referenced over 191 million vagrants on the planet (in 2005) were transient specialists and their families, for example individuals who â€Å"migrates starting with one nation then onto the next with the end goal of being utilized in any case than for his own and incorporates any individual consistently conceded as a transient for employment† (Wickramasekara 2007: p.4). A dominant part of European nations additionally experience an expansion of internal and outward progressions of transients, which occurs during most recent two decades as an outcome of noteworthy political and social changes. As per Boswell (2005: p.1), in 2001 net migration in Europe measured 3 for each 1,000 occupants, and the locale facilitated a populace of 56.1 million vagrants, in contrasting with 40.8 million in North America. These figures, brought with the UNPD information above, show obviously that today’s Europe is an ideal purpose of goal for transients from each edge of the world, and specialists anticipate further expanding of migrants’ populace in European high-pay nations, in light of the fact that the work and abilities

Essay Topics on Economic Inequality

Essay Topics on Economic InequalityIn a competitive world, essay topics on economic inequality are important. This is because the subjects of our essays determine the kind of grade, we will receive, along with other factors such as how well we perform on the final exam. For this reason, it is always good to read more than one topic on the same subject. In this article, I will discuss more about this topic.Essay topics that address social issues, including issues of inequality, are usually more difficult to write than topics that are solely about economic issues. The reason is that in these essays, people will be evaluating your argument as a person, as opposed to evaluating your argument as an economist. I remember when I was a graduate student in economics, I was asked to write an essay on a topic that dealing with inequality. My essay was riddled with logical and factual errors.However, I knew from experience that I wanted to have as few of these errors as possible. Therefore, I de cided to write a second essay addressing the topic as a student, as opposed to an economist. The second essay took a lot longer, but I eventually got it right. In fact, the second essay earned me more grades than the first essay. That is because people saw my skill as a writer as my true skill as an economist.It is not necessary to choose topics on inequality for essay topics on economic inequality that are totally different from economics. However, if you are looking for topics that focus more on economic inequality, you should consider choosing economics or the history of economics. There are many other topic areas that are sometimes considered for essay topics on economic inequality.Some students prefer to write essays on topical areas that have nothing to do with topics on inequality. As an example, if you are trying to write an essay on why the police officer is not liable for his actions during the time he was arresting a suspect, there is a lot to be said for writing an essay on why the police officer is not liable for his actions during that time. Or, you could choose to write an essay on why the police officer does not have a duty to give the suspect Miranda warnings. People are usually very knowledgeable about their rights, so this type of essay can be very interesting.Many students decide to write essay topics on inequality by reading lots of research papers. Research papers are the most recent and useful types of material that people use to determine a topic. If you read a lot of research papers on topics on inequality, you may be able to read a lot of interesting papers.The topic of essay topics on economic inequality may be different depending on the age of the student. This is because even high school students have different ideas about topics such as the effectiveness of certain solutions to solving social problems. Therefore, the grade a student receives will depend on how much he or she understands the topic of the essay.As you can see, the t opic of essays on inequality may be very different depending on the age of the student, the type of course, and the topic area. In any case, essay topics on economic inequality must be written in a clear and organized manner.

Problem Question on the Registration of Pharmacists in Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1273 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Tags: Act Essay Pharmacy Essay Did you like this example? Ms Rose Mah is a recent graduate from an approved pharmacy school in Malaysia. She decides that she wants to work locally as a registered pharmacist. Describe the process and requirements for registration as a pharmacist in Malaysia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Problem Question on the Registration of Pharmacists in Malaysia" essay for you Create order Rose needs to possess a pharmacy qualification recognized by the Pharmacy Board Malaysia. After she checked to have a recognized pharmacy qualification, she shall be eligible to apply for provisional registration as a pharmacist. To apply for provisional registration, Rose needs to submit Form 1 (as in Registration of Pharmacists Regulation (ROPR) 2004 Subregulation 6(1)). Before registering her by the Registrar (Director of Pharmaceutical Services), she may be required to produce a certified true copy of the original degree or an official transcript of degree or other proof of qualification that may be considered satisfactory by the Pharmacy Board and an evidence of identity. The Registrar will then issues a certificate of provisional registration to her after satisfied with her condition.1,2 In order to apply for a full registration, Rose needs to obtain experience through involvement in pharmacy practice. Once she is being provisionally registered, she needs to complete he r practice as a pharmacist in any premises listed in Second Schedule of Registration of Pharmacists Act (ROPA) 1951, recognized by the Pharmacy Board Malaysia for a period of not less than a year until the Board satisfies. If her performance is not satisfied by the Board, the Board may extend her employment as a provisionally registered pharmacist for a period of not more than a year. If she failed to engage in the employment as a pharmacist, her state of being provisionally registered will be revoked.2 After gaining experience as required and satisfied by the Board with issuance of certificate of satisfactory experience and a certificate by Minister under Section 6B(3) of ROPA 1951, Rose can proceed to apply for full registration. She needs to submit Form 5 (as in ROPR 2004 Subregulation 8(1)) and the following should be attached: (1) a certificate of satisfactory experience, (2) a certificate issued by Minister, (3) two passport size photographs and (4) pays a hundred ringgit. The Registrar will then issue a certificate of registration to Rose.1,2 After obtaining a full registration, Rose needs to serve as a pharmacist in public service for a period of not more than a year with an issuance of written notice by or on behalf of the Director General of Health as stated under Section 11C(1) and (5) of ROPA 1951.2 Before the end of every year, if she wishes to retain her name on the register, she shall make an application in Form 10 (as in ROPR 2004 Subregulation 12(1)) and pay fifty ringgit, during the ensuing year. After application and payment being made, she shall be entitled with an annual certificate issued by the Registrar.1 After gaining five years of experience, Rose decides that it is time for a change in scenery and would like to practice in Australia. Discuss the process she requires to register in Australia for the first time as well as maintaining her active Australian pharmacist registration thereafter. Rose needs to apply for initial eligibility assessment through Australian Pharmacy Council (APC) which costs AUD 700.3,4 It is a process which involves a detailed look at her relevant documents, qualification and working experience she possessed. Through this process, APC will determine whether she is eligible to undertake either the Stream A or Stream B pathway. Stream B pathway is usually for candidates from the United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada and Ireland as the educational process and approach to practice are similar between the countries.3,5 In this case, Rose will be in Stream A. After receiving a confirmation letter on her eligibility from APC, she can proceed to the next step to apply for Knowledge Assessment of Pharmaceutical Sciences (KAPS) examination.6 Before that, she will need to fulfil the English language requirement set. She has to take either Occupational English Test (OET) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS) academic module s and achieve a score of either à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in all four components for OET or an overall band score of at least 7.5 with a minimum score of 7.0 in all four components for IELTS. APC will accept the English test result which is two years from the date of the test.3,4 After fulfilling the requirements, she can apply to sit for KAPS examination at a cost of AUD 1400 at Australian venue or AUD 1600 at overseas venue before 5 January for March sessions and 1 July for September sessions.3,4,5 She has two years to pass both papers after successfully passed one paper. Her results will be valid for four years once she passed both papers.3,4 Upon completion of KAPS, she can apply for provisional registration with the Pharmacy Board of Australia (PBA). Rose needs to practise in Australian hospital or community pharmacy supervised by a registered pharmacist for 1824 hours.3,4,7 Before that, she must hold an appropriate working visa , arrange paid supervised practice by herself and check that her placement is approved by the PBA. Besides supervised practice, she also needs to complete an intern training program which includes attending a series of seminars and workshops and completing assessment tasks. Rose needs to complete at least 30% of her supervised practice hours in order to be able to sit for intern written examination which is conducted by APC on behalf of PBA. She will be assessed on her competence to practice in Australian pharmacy setting, her understanding of laws and ethics governing the pharmacy practice in Australia and also her ability to perform pharmaceutical calculations accurately.3,4 After she passed her written examination and completed 75% of her supervised practice hours, she is eligible to sit for oral examination which is conducted by PBA.3,4,7 Upon satisfactory completion in her supervised practice, intern training program, intern written examination, oral examination and proficiency in English, she is able to apply for general registration. The PBA will consider her application and conducts a criminal history check.3,4 To maintain her active Australian pharmacist registration, Rose will need to renew her registration with the PBA annually by 30 November and latest by 31 December. She will need to meet the registration standards which include criminal history, professional indemnity insurance, recency of practice and continuing professional development (CPD) when renewing her registration.8 Every registered pharmacist is required to do CPD each year.7 Total words: 982 words References Legal Research Board. Malaysian Laws on Poisons and Sale of Drugs. Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: International Law Book Services; 2014. Registration of Pharmacists Regulations 2004; p. 275-294. Legal Research Board. Malaysian Laws on Poisons and Sale of Drugs. Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: International Law Book Services; 2014. Registration of Pharmacists Act 1951 (Act 371); p. 245-273. Australian Pharmacy Council. Information for Stream A Candidates [Internet]. Australia: Australia Pharmacy Council; Date Unknown [cited 2015 Apr 25]. Available from: https://pharmacycouncil.org.au/content/index.php?id=10 Australian Pharmacy Council. Examinations Fee Schedule [Internet]. Australia: Australia Pharmacy Council; 2013 Jul 1 [cited 2015 Apr 25]. Available from: https://pharmacycouncil.org.au/content/index.php?id=15 Australian Pharmacy Council. Information Handbook for Stream A Candidates [Internet]. Australia: Australian Pharmacy Council Ltd; 2015 [cited 2015 Apr 25]. 18 p. Available from: https://pharmacycouncil.org.au/content/assets/files/Examination Guides/Candidates Information Handbook Stream A 3.2.15.pdf Australian Pharmacy Council. Skills Recognition and Examination Process Frequently Asked Questions [Internet]. Australia: Australian Pharmacy Council; Date Unknown [cited 2015 Apr 25]. Available from: https://pharmacycouncil.org.au/content/index.php?id=38 The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. How to become a pharmacist [Internet]. Australia: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia; Date Unknown [cited 2015 Apr 25]. Available from: https://careers.shpa.org.au/index.php/how-to-become-a-pharmacist/ Pharmacy Board of Australia. Renewal FAQ for Pharmacists [Internet]. Australia: Pharmacy Board of Australia; 2013 Sep 25 [cited 2015 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.pharmacyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines/FAQ/Renewal.aspx

Baltic Amber 5,000 Years of International Trade

Baltic amber is the name given to a specific type of natural fossilized resin that was the focus of international long distance trade throughout Europe and Asia beginning at least 5,000 years ago: it was collected and used by humans first in the Upper Paleolithic period, perhaps as long ago as 20,000 years. What Is Baltic Amber? Plain old amber is any natural resin which oozed its way out of a tree and eventually fossilized at any time from recent times back to the Carboniferous Period of some 300 million years ago. Amber is generally yellow or yellow-brown and translucent, and it is pretty when polished. In its fresh form, the resin has been known to collect insects or leaves in its sticky clutches, preserving them in visually perfect splendor for thousands of years—the oldest amber-preserved insects so far are Late Triassic-aged specimens of 230,000 million years ago. Resins ooze out of certain kinds of pine and other trees (a few conifers and angiosperms), almost everywhere in the northern hemisphere of our planet. Baltic amber (known as succinite) is a specific subset of amber that is found only in northern Europe: it accounts for some 80% of the known amber in the world. Between 35 and 50 million years ago, sap oozed out from a forest of conifers (probably either false larch or kauri) in the region now covered by the Baltic Sea, and eventually hardened into clear lumps. Shoved around northern Europe by glaciers and river channels, lumps of genuine Baltic amber can still be found today on the eastern coasts of England and Holland, throughout Poland, Scandinavia and northern Germany and much of western Russia and the Baltic states. Baltic amber is not necessarily preferable to any other kind of amber—in fact, amber researcher and organic chemist Curt W. Beck comments that it is visually indistinguishable from the local varieties found elsewhere. Baltic amber is simply available in vast quantities in northern Europe, and it may have been a matter of supply and demand that fueled widespread trade. The Attraction Archaeologists are interested in identifying Baltic amber as opposed to locally available amber because its presence outside of its known distribution is an indication of long-distance trade. Baltic amber can be identified by the presence of succinic acid—the real thing has between 2-8% succinic acid by weight. Unfortunately, chemical tests for succinic acid are expensive and damage or destroy samples. In the 1960s, Beck began using infrared spectroscopy to successfully identify Baltic amber, and because it only requires a sample size of about two milligrams, Becks method is a much less ruinous solution. Amber and Baltic amber were used in Europe beginning in the early Upper Paleolithic, although no evidence for widespread trade that long ago has been discovered. Amber was recovered from the Gravettian period La Garma A cave site in the Cantabrian region of Spain, but the amber is of local derivation rather than Baltic. Cultures which are known to have actively traded in amber included Unetice, Otomani, Wessex, Globular Amphora, and, of course, the Romans. Large deposits of Neolithic artifacts made of amber (beads, buttons, pendants, rings, and plaquette figurines) have been found at the Juodkrante and Palanga sites in Lithuania, both dated between 2500 and 1800 BC, and both of which are near Baltic amber mines. The largest deposit of Baltic amber is near the town of Kaliningrad, where it is believed that 90% of the worlds Baltic amber can be found. Historic and prehistoric hoards of raw and worked amber are known from Biskupin and Mycenae and throughout Scandinavia. The Roman Amber Road Beginning at least as long ago as the end of the third Punic War, the Roman Empire controlled all ​the known amber trading routes through the Mediterranean. The routes became known as the amber road, which crossed Europe from Prussia to the Adriatic by the first century AD. Documentary evidence indicates that the main emphasis of the Roman-era trade in amber was Baltic; but Dietz et al. have reported that excavations at Numantia, a Roman site in Soria, Spain recovered Sieburgite, a very rare Class III type of amber, known only from two sites in Germany. The Amber Room But the gaudiest use of Baltic amber has to be the  Amber Room, an 11 square foot room constructed in the early 18th century AD in Prussia and presented to the Russian czar  Peter the Great  in 1717.  Catherine the Great  moved the room to her summer palace in  Tsarskoye Selo  and embellished it about 1770. The Amber Room was looted by the Nazis during WWII and although pieces of it have turned up in the black market, what must have been tons of original amber have completely disappeared, and were probably destroyed. In 2000, customs officials from Kaliningrad donated 2.5 tons of newly mined amber for the restoration of the Amber Room, which is what is illustrated in the photograph on this page. Amber and aDNA Despite the early notions of amber preserving ancient DNA (aDNA) in captured insects (and leading to popular movies such as the  Jurassic Park  trilogy),  it isnt likely. The most recent studies suggest that although extant DNA may possibly exist in amber specimens less than 100,000 years old, the current process used to retrieve it destroys the specimen and may or may not successfully retrieve aDNA. Baltic amber, for sure, is too old to make this possible. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to the  Raw Materials,  Characteristics of Ancient Civilizations, and part of the  Dictionary of Archaeology. Ancient myths about amber include the Greek Phaethon and his  sisters tears  shed as he died. Volume 16, issue 3 of the  Journal of Baltic Studies  was subtitled  Studies in Baltic , and is worth looking at if youre doing research on the subject. NOVA has a good page on amber called  Jewel of the Earth.Amber Beck CW. 1985. Criteria for amber trade:  The evidence in the eastern European Neolithic.  Journal of Baltic Studies  16(3):200-209. Beck CW. 1985.  The role of the scientist: The amber trade, the chemical analysis of amber, and the determination of Baltic provenience.  Journal of Baltic Studies  16(3):191-199. Beck CW, Greenlie J, Diamond MP, Macchiarulo AM, Hannenberg AA, and Hauck MS. 1978.  The chemical identification of   Journal of Archaeological Science  5(4):343-354.baltic amber at the Celtic oppidum Starà © Hradisko in Moravia. Dietz C, Catanzariti G, Quintero S, and Jimeno A. 2014.  Roman amber identified as Siegburgite.  Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences  6(1):63-72. doi: 10.1007/s12520-013-0129-4 Gimbutas M. 1985.  East Baltic amber in the fourth and third millennia B.C.  Journal of Baltic Studies  16(3):231-256.. Martà ­nez-Delclà ²s X, Briggs DEG, and Peà ±alver E. 2004.  Taphonomy of insects in carbonates and amber.  Palaeogeography  203(1-2):19-64., Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Reiss RA. 2006.  Ancient DNA from ice age insects: proceed with caution.  Quaternary Science Reviews  25(15-16):1877-1893. Schmidt AR, Jancke S, Lindquist EE, Ragazzi E, Roghi G, Nascimbene PC, Schmidt K, Wappler T, and Grimaldi DA. 2012.  Arthropods in amber from the Triassic period.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  Early Edition. Teodor ES, Petroviciu I, Truica GI, Suvaila R, and Teodor ED. 2014.  The Effect of Accelerated Alteration on the Discrimination between Baltic and Romanian Amber.  Archaeometry  56(3):460-478. Todd JM. 1985.  Baltic amber in the ancient near east: A preliminary investigation.  Journal of Baltic Studies  16(3):292-301.

Why You Must Build A Strong Culture As A Cio - 1016 Words

Why You Must Build a Strong Culture as a CIO As the role of technology evolves and becomes ever more prominent in the world of business, the role of the CIO is also evolving. Technology is now largely integrated with virtually every business and brand. While the main focus of a CIO was once to convey IT information within the internal corporate structure, that focus is shifting to adapt to modern-day business culture. The traditional CIO is giving way to the transformational CIO, and with that change comes the new task of creating a resilient culture within the organization. As the CIO of your company, you are now in the unique position of redefining the CIO duties of the past in order to strengthen your organization as a whole. Your†¦show more content†¦The New Characteristics of Today’s CIO As you guide your company through its inevitable and ever-evolving digital transformation, you will also need to embrace a new characteristic necessary to succeed as a modern CIO. Today’s successful CIOs must possess a trait that was not crucial for them in the past: The CIOs of today need to be socially savvy in order to remain relevant to the company structure. If you believe that a traditional role as CIO will benefit you and your business, you could soon find your position deemed obsolete at your company. Your transformation as a valuable corporate leader means that you will need to become an influencer in terms of business (as opposed to solely an influencer in regard to IT). You will need to impress internal stakeholders enough to keep them engaged and invested. That means developing strong relationships with those who have influence over your company’s ultimate trajectory. One of your top priorities should be to consistently align your company’s IT culture with its culture as a whole. Your stakeholders want to know that their investment was a solid choice. As the CIO, you will need to know how to relate to such people and how to influence them. 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Baldwin Bicycle Company putting Financial Impact on an Organization

Question: Discuss about the Financial Impact on an Organization for Baldwin Bicycle Company . Answer: Introduction: The present assignment presents the accounting and financial impact on an organization Baldwin Bicycle Company currently, operating in business of bicycle and proposing to include new range of bicycle. In a marketing strategy introduction of new production leads a company to rise in growth and sustainability of the business as well as cannibalization of existing market share of sales of products. In the assignment impact on additional profit, non- recurring additional costs, additional assets and related carrying cost is been chalked out. Additionally, impact on the overall profit and various financial returns has also been measured. 1: Baldwin Bicycle Company included 10 models of bicycle of two different ranges in the year 1989 proposed to enter into business with the buyer Hi- Value. Currently, the sales revenue of the Baldwin Company is around $10 million per year whereas gross profit from the sale of product is around $ 2.8 million (DeFond and Park, 2012). From the new range of products the expected profit in context to the tender provided by the buyer in first year i.e. 1989 is determined below: Expected added profit from the challanger line: As per the proposal of Hi- Valu Particulars No. of units Amount per unit $ Amount $ Price of bikes (a) 25,000 92.29 2,307,250.00 Estimated first year cost: Materials 25,000 39.80 995,000.00 Direct Labour 25,000 19.60 490,000.00 Overhead: 25,000 24.50 - Variable @40% of Overhead 25,000 9.80 245,000.00 Fixed overhead 60% based on 100,000 units 367,500.00 One time cost $ 2,500 per month - - 30,000.00 Total cost (b) 25,000 2,127,500.00 Profit to be earned (a-b) 179,750.00 Reasons: The above calculation is done by considering the proposed data given by Hi- value for 25,000 bicycles for a year before escalated price. It is provided that the inflation escalation will take place after first year hence the prices are taken before the escalation adjustment. Overhead cost incurred for the new range of products is partly variable and partly fixed which is based on 100000 bicycles. Variable cost is 40% of overhead and fixed cost is 60%. Additionally, the onetime cost given is according to per month basis hence the cost is taken as fixed cost and derived for 12 months @2500 $ per month. Therefore, additional expected profit earned by the Baldwin Company will be $ 179,750/- 2: Cannibalization in the marketing strategy means the decrement in the sales volume or sales turnover of existing product due to the production or trading of new product range. In the given case, Baldwin Bicycle Company is into the business of bicycle since 40 years which introducing the new product range of bicycles to its business. This introduction will get the company an additional turnover as well as market growth but subsequently will decline the existing product market share (Bain, 2013). At present, the sales turnover of the entity is around $10.00 million per year while cost of sales per year is around $ 8.00 million and net income after considering other expenses and taxes is $ 0.25 million. The impact on this existing income structure will be against the existing product if we consider Gross income i.e. sales revenue less cost of sales but the impact would be in favour of the net income is considered. This is because the fixed cost allocation will spread from 100,000 units to 125,000 units, which in turn would decrease the cost per unit as fixed cost for any production does not change (Moorthy and Png, 2012). On the other hand, introduction of new products enable a company to grow and develop its business and sustainability in the market structure provided the new product range match as per the quality of the existing product. 3: One-time costs refer to those costs, which are non- recurring in nature and are not considered while measuring the operating expenses of an enterprise. Further, there are some costs, which are one time yet to be included for measuring operating expenses (Hanlon, Lester and Verdi, 2015). For example, fixed overhead costs, onetime costs for a particular parts of products, registration costs etc. In case of Baldwin Bicycle Company, there are certain costs to be recorded and reported as one time basis only. Fixed overhead cost, which is 60 % of the total overhead cost of the product, based on 100,000 units of bicycles. Apart from this cost, Baldwin is required to record estimated non- recurring cost on new range of bicycles i.e. cost of research and development of the proposed bicycles designs, arrangement of sources for fenders, seats and other few parts of the bicycle at the rate of $ 2,500 per month. Apart from these costs, onetime costs also include loss on revenue due to inflation escalation price, which is reported by the company if the buyer provides such adjustments (Dugar and Tripathi, 2015). In the case given, Hi- Value (buyer) has provided Baldwin the tender for inflation escalation clause, which affects the total cost per unit $ 83.90 to $ 92.29. 4: In accounting, the most important aspect for a company in the financial statement is assets, liabilities and inventory. Assets and liabilities of an organization presents a financial position of a company at the end of the accounting year for the useful information for its users. Moreover, inventory is also an important aspect of a financial statement, which is reported on carrying cost, states the value of products remained unsold at the year end. Inventory provides the impact on the efficiency and marketing strategy of the companys performance in the entire accounting year (Bain, 2013). In case of Baldwin Bicycle Company, present non- current asset plant and equipment at a carrying cost of around $ 3.6 million where as current assets valuing at around $4.00 million and inventories at carrying cost $ 2.8 million. On the introduction of new range of products, Baldwin would incur additional assets at related carrying cost which effects the financial position of the company for the year 1989. Proposed project will incur asset related costs in the form of annual variable cost as a percentage of dollar value for pretax cost of funds, record keeping costs, etc total valued at 23.0 percentage of dollar value i.e. 8.092 million $ * 1.23 = $ 9.953 million. Further, added inventory costs incurred will be at an average of two months production for work in progress as well as finished products. Given, 1000 bikes for work in progress and 500 bikes as finished products at carrying cost in proportion to $ 2.7 million *( 0.6%+6.0%)= $0.1782 million (Hanlon, Lester and Verdi, 2015). 5: On taking new production of products by an organization maximum impact falls on the overall profits of the company as well as earnings on assets and equity. Profit is the earnings of a company from the sale of its products considering recurring and non- recurring expenditure. Whereas return on sales is computed by taking net income before interest and taxes to sales which states the efficiency of an entity on generating its profits. On the other hand, return on assets indicated on efficiency of profitability in terms of total assets and return on equity indicates earnings to the equity shareholders of the company (Dugar and Tripathi, 2015). Hence, in case of Baldwin, the overall impact of earnings in various financial terms is as follows: Impact of Return: Amount $ a Profit in the year 1988 255,000.00 Addition profit for 1989 179,750.00 Total profit 434,750.00 b Return on sales: Total profit 434,750.00 Add: Interest 473,000.00 Add: tax 218,000.00 Net Income before interst and tax: (i) 1,125,750.00 Sales ($10,872+ $2,307) (ii) 13,179,000.00 Return on sales (i/ ii) 8.54 c Return on assets: Net Income before interest and tax: (i) 1,125,750.00 Total Assets ($8,092 * 1.23) (ii) 9,953,160.00 Return on assets (i/ ii) 11.31 d Return on equity Net Income (i) 1,125,750.00 Total equity (ii) 3,102,000.00 Return on equity (i/ ii) 36.29 Hence the impact of overall profits and returns of Baldwin is favourable and at an increasing rate (Dugar and Tripathi, 2015). The net profit shows the increase in value at around $ 0.179 million and proposed return on total sales at 8.54 % and return on assets and equity at 11.31% and 36.29% respectively. 6: As per the given case study, in the strategic deal between Baldwin Bicycle Company and Hi-Value, there are some risks and rewards available to both Baldwin as well as Hi-Value. In case of Baldwin, the company needs to sale the bicycles to Hi-Value at a lower price if it enters in to the deal. This may decrease the normal profitability of the company, which is a risk for the company (Bansal and Kaur 2016). However, as the market demand and countrys economic situation are at declining stage, the company can at least sale its inventory and can get a permanent buyer in the market. On the other side, in case of Hi-Value, if the company makes the deal with Baldwin, then it can grab the sports bicycle market in a better way. At the same time, the company can buy the bicycle of Baldwin at a price which is lower than the market price. Therefore, these two are the rewards for the company. However, the main risk for Hi-Value that is associated with this particular business deal is the declined market demand. Due to this, the company may face problem to sell the bicycles after purchasing from Baldwin. On the other side, it may also happen that the market price of the bicycles gets down because of the poor economic situation in the country (Coskun and Kulali 2016). Therefore, this is very important for both the companies to make the business deal by analyzing the overall situation properly. 7: In order to avoid the risks in the business deal with Hi-Value, Baldwin needs to take some steps and these steps are as under: At first the company needs to select the price range by keeping a standard profit level. Otherwise, if the prices of the raw materials certainly increase, then the company may face loss for 6 months because as per the deal no company can break the deal before giving 6 months notice period. Another step that the company may take is the company needs to improve its present capacity of producing bicycles. This is very important in order to decrease the cost level of the company (Peng 2015). If the company increases its capacity and decreases its level of costs, then the company can earn a good amount of profit after selling the bicycles to Hi-Value at a price lower than the market price. The company must maintain a standard level of inventory so that if in any particular month the demand in the market increases, then it can supply the products that is bicycles in the market (Coskun and Kulali 2016). At the same time, as Hi-Value wants to maintain their inventory level for two months, the company that is Baldwin must maintain the inventory level in order to meet the inventory requirement of Hi-Value. Therefore, from the above, it can be said that if Baldwin goes for the business deal with Hi-Value, it needs to take some necessary steps in order to reduce the level of future risks. Conclusion: The above case has been dealt with the derivation of additional and overall profit of the company, Baldwin Bicycle on entering in the production of new range of bicycles from the financial year 1989. The introduction of new products in agreement with the proposed buyer Hi- value states the impact on various financial factors relating to the quantity and quality of the products. Before the introduction of new products, sales of the company were around $ 10.8 million per year which increased to $13.00 million per year approximately. Apart from the additional sales, company had to incur few one- time costs related to research and developments, drawings and other sources of marketing. Moreover, Baldwin had to incur additional costs on assets as percentage to dollar value which increased the overall cost of the company. However the introduction of the new product spread a good and favourable impact on the earnings to equity shareholders of Baldwin at around 36.29 % while return on sales a t 8.54 %. Reference List: Bain, J.S., 2013. Relation of profit rate to industry concentration: American manufacturing, 1936-1940.The Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp.293-324. Bansal, A. and Kaur, A., 2016. A risk and return analysis of selected unit linked insurance plans of selected public and private sector insurance companies.International Journal of Economics and Business Research,11(1), pp.83-99. Coskun, M. and Kulali, G., 2016. 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